Understanding Stress and the Body's Response

Published in February 2026

What Is Stress?

Stress is a natural physiological and psychological response to perceived threats or demands. Some stress—termed eustress—can be motivating and productive. However, chronic stress can negatively impact health.

The Stress Response System

When the body perceives stress, the nervous system activates the fight-flight-freeze response, releasing hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. This was useful for facing immediate physical threats but can be problematic when activated chronically by modern stressors.

Physical Effects of Stress

Chronic stress affects numerous body systems, including the cardiovascular, digestive, immune, and endocrine systems. Understanding these effects motivates the importance of stress management practices.

Mental and Emotional Effects

Stress impacts mood, cognitive function, sleep, and emotional resilience. Chronic stress can contribute to anxiety, depression, and difficulty concentrating.

Individual Variation in Stress Response

People respond differently to stressors based on personality, past experiences, coping resources, and overall health. What is stressful for one person may not be for another.

Stress Management and Prevention

Effective stress management involves identifying stressors, developing coping strategies, maintaining healthy habits, and seeking support when needed. Various practices can help activate the parasympathetic nervous system and promote relaxation.